Archive for the 'Science + Nature' Category
Solar Storms Illustration No. 2
Illustration No. 2 in the Solar Storm Disaster Series.
A new study from the National Academy of Sciences outlines grim possibilities on Earth for a worst-case scenario solar storm.
Damage to power grids and other communications systems could be catastrophic, the scientists conclude, with effects leading to a potential loss of governmental control of the situation.
The prediction is based in part on a major solar storm in 1859 that caused telegraph wires to short out in the United States and Europe, igniting widespread fires.
Comments are off for this postSolar Storms
A new study from the National Academy of Sciences outlines grim possibilities on Earth for a worst-case scenario solar storm.
Damage to power grids and other communications systems could be catastrophic, the scientists conclude, with effects leading to a potential loss of governmental control of the situation.
The prediction is based in part on amajor solar storm in 1859 that caused telegraph wires to short out in the United States and Europe, igniting widespread fires.
One of 4 illustrations on Solar Storms published last month in an Italian Science Magazine.
Comments are off for this postMimas – Discover Magazine
Mimas is named after one of the Titans in Greek mythology, Mimas. The names of all seven then-known satellites of Saturn, including Mimas, were suggested by William Herschel’s son John in his 1847 publication Results of Astronomical Observations made at the Cape of Good Hope.
He named them after Titans specifically because Saturn (the Roman equivalent of Kronos in Greek mythology), was the leader of the Titans.
Comments are off for this postThe Bubble Universe
Inflation, or the inflationary universe theory, was developed as a way to overcome the few remaining problems with what was otherwise considered a successful theory of cosmology, the Big Bang model. It is now known that Alexei Starobinsky, at the L.D. Landau Institute of Theoretical Physics in Moscow developed the first realistic Inflation theory in 1979 but failed to articulate its relevance to modern cosmological problems. Due to political difficulties in the former Soviet Union, regarding the free exchange of scientific knowledge, most scientists outside the USSR remained ignorant about Starobinsky’s work until years later. Starobinsky’s model was relatively complicated, however, and said little about how the inflation process could start. In 1979 Alan Guth of the United States developed an inflationary model independently, which did offer a mechanism for inflation to begin, the decay of a so-called false vacuum into ‘bubbles’ of ‘true vacuum’ that expanded at the speed of light. Guth coined the term, “inflation,” and he was the first to discuss the theory with other scientists worldwide. But this formulation was problematic, as there was no consistent way to bring an end to the inflationary epoch and end up with the isotropic, homogeneous Universe observed today. In 1982, this “graceful exit problem” was solved by Andreas Albrecht and Paul J. Steinhardt and also independently by Andrei Linde. In 1986, Linde published an alternative model of inflation that also reproduced the same successes of new inflation entitled “Eternally Existing Self-Reproducing Chaotic Inflationary Universe,” which provides a detailed description of what has become known as the Chaotic Inflation theory or eternal inflation. The Chaotic Inflation theory is in some ways similar to Fred Hoyle’s Steady state theory, as it employs the metaphor of a universe that is eternally existing, and thus does not require a unique beginning or an ultimate end of the cosmos.
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